My Ethical System and Its Justification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Ethical System and Its Justification - Essay Example Divine command is a system where actions are made in accordance with those of a higher being, God, who is all-knowing. In this paper, I describe the ethical system which I ascribe to. Personal Ethical System My ethical system is one by which I live and use to decide which actions are moral or ‘good’. In my opinion, what is good is what allows my conscience to be clear and also what results in the greater overall good. My ethical system can be said to be an adaptation of the utilitarian and virtue ethics. The utilitarian ethical system attempts to maintain a balance between pleasure and pain, and in fact, rules that all actions should result in overall good (Rainbow, 2011). According to Rainbow, (2011), in case the moral consequences of alternative actions are not great, the utilitarian theory does not consider the choice a moral issue. While I ascribe to generally acting for good, the utilitarian theory sometimes does not help in distinguishing certain situations which i n themselves are wrong, but do result in good. An example is ‘robbing the rich, to help the poor’; an act which is morally wrong, because while the rich man may not be significantly affected by the crime, it offers enormous relief to the poor. My theory therefore differs from the utilitarian theory, in that, virtue ethics does cater for such occasions where the ‘right thing’ to do is a matter of great debate. Virtue ethics emphasize the building of personal character, without focus on external opinions (IEP, 2011). I therefore employ virtue ethics where my actions are based on what I feel is most in line with my disposition of what is right according to my assessment of the situation. In applying virtue ethics, one is encouraged to cultivate virtues resulting in the greater good of one’s soul and results in happiness. In this way, I view the combination of virtue ethics and utilitarianism as a comprehensive effort towards the happiness of humanity. J ustification of my ethical system My adaptation of utilitarianism and virtue ethics works very well and has assisted me in making many critical decisions. Utilitarianism considers what results in the greater good and then acts accordingly to promote this. Utilitarianism is most applicable in circumstances where the consequences of an action result in starkly different outcomes, where a decision has a significant impact on the individual and the society. However, it may be difficult to apply in circumstances where there is a thin line between right and wrong, and either action does not make a significant impact on the individual or the society. In such cases, utilitarianism may not regard such a decision as an ethical dilemma, which may be argued to propagate immorality as one may justify even a wrong action. These cases in daily living are very numerous, and use of utilitarianism alone may be insufficient. I therefore apply virtue ethics to be able to cover the loopholes which may b e present the utilitarian theory. Virtue ethics involves making decisions based on what brings about the greater development of the person (Annas, 2011). This means that any decisions made must also reinforce my personal disposition of what is right. My decisions should result in greater achievement of virtue and progression towards achieving individual thriving,

The Middle East, Byzantium, and East Asia Essay Example for Free

The Middle East, Byzantium, and East Asia Essay There were many similarities and differences between Byzantium and the Middle East and East Asia. Both regions were based on religions that were founded by prophets, but Byzantium and the Middle East had religions that were monotheistic, and East Asia did not. They also differed in the fact that the Middle East and Byzantium focused on academic development, and East Asia focused on military development, but were similar because both developed new ways to use projectile weapons. Both East Asia and the Middle East and Byzantium were similar in their use and development of projectile weapons. The Byzantine Empire developed a very powerful, projectile weapon called Greek fire. It was mainly used in naval warfare, and essentially could burn while floating on water for very extensive periods of time. This weapon was exclusive to the Byzantine people and has been lost with them. Gunpowder was also first developed in China. Gunpowder could be used to fuel the first guns, which while simple at the time, were deadly to the rest of the world. This idea spread through trade to the Islamic people, and later the rest of the world, transforming warfare for the rest of time. There were also differences in intellectual development between Byzantium and Mesopotamia and East Asia. For one, Byzantium was more academically advanced, while East Asia was more militarily advanced. The Byzantine Empire focused much attention on architecture. The people there build enormous, beautiful buildings. One of the most famous was the Hagia Sophia. Rome also had many writers who wrote great works of history and poems. East Asia on the other hand was more focused out military advancements. China created gun powder, which was a huge help in stopping nomadic invasions because of the distance cannons could blow. Also steel and iron weapons were made which were very strong. East Asia was also responsible for the creation of the printing press, which made it possible to produce text very quickly and in large amounts, helping communication immensely. There were similarities between the religions of Middle East, Byzantium, and East Asia. The religions in the Middle East, Byzantium, and East Asia, Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Buddhism, respectively, were all religions that were started by prophets; Islam by Mohammed, Christianity by Jesus Christ, and Buddhism by Siddhartha Gautama. Islam spread very rapidly throughout the Middle East. Islam was the fastest spreading religion during this period. Similarly, Buddhism spread rapidly from its birthplace of India to East Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. In the Middle East and Byzantium, the religions being practiced were strictly monotheistic. In East Asia, they were not. The dominant religion in the Middle East was Islam, a monotheistic faith revealed through the prophet Muhammad. In Byzantium, Christianity, another monotheistic religion, dominated the region. However, in East Asia, there was no monotheistic religion. Instead, the people in this area practiced Confucian traditions and Buddhist customs.

The Active Role of the Media in Influencing Our Opinion on Global Polit

Introduction The globalization of media has broken down the communication barriers between countries and is now more readily available and accessible than ever before. This paper examines how the media plays an active role in influencing our opinion on global politics in regards to the Arab Spring and the new revolution making its way through the Middle East and North Africa. It will also examine the theories of the CNN effect and the Manufacturing consent and how these define the relationship between governments and the news media. The United States involvement with the Hollywood industry raises concerns about this relationship and emphasizes the importance to recognize the role of the media in global politics. Media today has made significant leaps in terms of advancements in technology since the beginning of the 20th century. Globalization has led to the breaking down of communication barriers between nation states and now news media can be accessed all over the world; giving exposure to events of war, economic, political and humanitarian strife. This in turn will lead to greater awareness of humanitarian crisis in places such as the Middle East. It has only been in the past two decades that ‘new’ media took the world of media even further. The term ‘new’ means to facilitate information sharing, one of the components of effective resistance; those in countries such as Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq use social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to show the rest of the world what the news media is unable to. This type of media was the beginning of an information revolution and the changing of the nature of conflict by strengthening network forms of organiza tion over hierarchical forms. Activists in Tunisia who were ag... ...n Foreign Policy.† Eurpoean Journal of Communication16, no4 (2001):523-544, http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1848/robinson2.pdf (accessed April 16 2012) Entman, Robert. â€Å"Symposium Framing U.S. Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents.† Journal of Communication 41,no4 (1991): 6, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1991.tb02328.x/abstract;jsessionid=1ED043007C2287AA69B7A3A2DD869C27.d01t02 (accessed April 16 2012) Robinson, The CNN Effect, 304 Ibid,. 304 Lacey, Anita. â€Å"How do we find out what is going on in the world?† Lecture, POLITICS 106, The University of Auckland, March 26, 2012. Castonguay, James. â€Å"Conglomeration, New Media, and the Cultural Production of the â€Å"war on Terror.† Cinema Journal 43, no4 (2004):102-108, Ibd,. 102+ Ibd,. 102+

Gough Whitlam :: essays research papers

We are a government committed to bringing change into about social and economical aspects of our country." (Hayden, Speech, 1973) The Whitlam government's term was filled with controversy, scandals and public protest however, despite criticism of the government it is undoubted that within its term, 5 December 1972- 11 November 1975, the government was significantly influenced by socialist ideals through directing its policies relating to the social, economic and government aspects of society. The government adapted 'crash through or crash' style of policy change, reminiscent of a peaceful socialist revolution, however modified to suite the Australian climate. Whitlam's approach included more democratic elements and involved the people influencing the policies of his government, his eventual goal to solve the great problems capitalism had brought upon Australia. (McGavin, 1987, 55) His solution was quite simply to lessen the capitalist enemy of socialism, the class divide. The government promised the citizens of Australia better quality of life hand in hand with equality and said that these goals would be implem ented in the improvement of education, health and welfare, stricter economic regulation as well as broad public ownership of several other basic industries and finally an extension of the national government's power promoting constitutional and electoral changes. Socialism is defined as a political doctrine concerned with the morals of society and relates to all economic and social aspects of society. Socialism is further characterised by the state ownership and nationalisation of all means of production, facilities and banking for the reason that under socialist control private barriers can no longer prevent the people from working together for the common good. (Bobbio, 1987, 44) This utopia is thought to be achieved through a peaceful political revolution, of course, in the best interests of the nation. (Evans, 1977, 23) Furthermore, socialism is defined by the belief that capitalism has unforgivably failed the working classes and that there is in fact simply no need for inequalities that exist within society. Socialist theory dictates that inequalities within society should be altered to the extent that the upper class minority can no longer hold exclusivity to privilege whilst the majority of the working classes suffer. Whitlam's breed of socialism embraced the practical and moral components of the ideology. Further, he was a great advocate for rapid change and this was extremely reminiscent of ideological socialist revolution. "We have a new chance for our nation. We can recreate this nation.

The importance of a child centred approach Essay

Essential to safeguarding and encouraging the welfare of a child or young person is having a child’s centred approach. This could include seeing and keeping a child focused through difficulties they could be experiencing. Listening and ascertaining a child’s wishes and feelings will be important for the child, especially if they have formed a strong bond with the professional they are opening up to. It will also be imperative to a child if that professional close to them understands their daily lives and what they might be experiencing, no matter how hard it could be for the adult to hear. Crucially the child or young person will know there are people out there to help and support them when they need advice or guidance. Effective communication is important in the work setting as it ensures the information you are giving is correct and informative, this means there will be no possibility of mistakes being made. Nothing could be done consistently without the use of effective communication. To communicate effectively you need to make sure the right message is being sent to whom you are communicating with. The individual needs to understand the message you are putting across to be able to build relationships. These relationships will gain trust from the children, parents and colleagues. This will also develop your place in the work setting. As a child care worker I could not do my job properly without communicating with the children, their parents or my work colleagues. The needs of the child have to be met by using effective communication whether this is through speech or non-verbal communication e.g. body language or behaviour.

A Dream Shattered or Still a Big Potential Essay Essay Example

A Dream Shattered or Still a Big Potential Essay Essay Example A Dream Shattered or Still a Big Potential Essay Essay A Dream Shattered or Still a Big Potential Essay Essay Essay Topic: Catching Fire A DREAM SHATTERED OR STILL A BIG POTENTIAL: A CASE STUDY OF TATA NANO Abstract Keeping the potency of Indian Automobile Industry in head. a few old ages back. around 2006 Ratan Tata conceived the thought of a bantam auto with even a bantam monetary value ticket for quickly turning in-between category section. Tata Nano was seen as a victory of place grown technology ; as doing a merchandise which encapsulates the dreams of 1000000s of Indians with all the elements of mix i. e. safety. technology. design. efficiency. manner at a monetary value ticket of one hundred thousand was in itself a challenge. The intense media examination about the few instances of Nano catching fire brought a singular dent in Nano gross revenues and shattered the customers’ assurance in auto. Since so Nano is fighting difficult to recover its strong image in the eyes of its clients as still the immense potency of in-between section is undiscovered. The treatment arises about the turnaround schemes of Nano maintaining in position its initial launch success. a few quality failures and deformed perceptual experiences in the heads of its clients. This treatment will further add to the design of schemes for future new merchandises which are good strategized for success with clear and defined imaginable about the costs. and market sections but fail due to a few little but important errors. Keywords: Merchandise Development. . USP ( alone merchandising preposition ) . Buzz selling. Communication Complacency. Strategic Repositioning. Resurrection. *This instance survey is developed during the Resurrection stage of Tata Nano in March 2012 for schoolroom treatment as a perfect illustration for analysing assorted facets in the launch of an advanced merchandise. . its market credence. Changing people perceptual experiences etc. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1087 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Introduction Merely a few months back. India overtook Brazil as the 6th largest rider vehicle maker in the universe ( Wikipedia Automobile industry ) . This proves the fact that the Indian Automobile Industry is traveling at a fast gait. India is a turning market for Hatchbacks. Sedans. SUVs MUVs. Crossing overs and MPVs. Among these little autos have emerged as a clear victor. In fact the state has become a taking Centre in bring forthing little autos. Keeping this potency of Indian Automobile Industry in head. a few old ages back. around 2006 Ratan Tata conceived the thought of a bantam auto with even a bantam monetary value ticket for quickly turning in-between category section. Tata Nano achieved instant success when it was introduced as world’s cheapest auto in the twelvemonth 2009. Tata Nano was seen as a victory of place grown technology ; as doing a merchandise which encapsulates the dreams of 1000000s of Indians with all the elements of mix i. e. safety. technology. design. efficiency. manner at a monetary value ticket of one hundred thousand was in itself a challenge. And Tata’s seemed to carry through all the promises to its clients by offering Nano. Majority of Indian population belong to middle category. when it comes to buying autos they look for the low-cost vehicles. Few surveies related to consumer purchasing behaviour show that if an single belonging to middle category wants to have a auto so he can easy blast out `1 lac to `1. 5 hundred thousand. Therefore. while purchasing a auto. monetary value ticket becomes a premier factor. Though pricing is the premier factor. public presentation. manner and lastingness besides affair. So. Nano basically being a dream undertaking for Tatas. satisfied really aptly all the criteria’s of a successful launch. that is. bantam monetary value ticket. public presentation. design. manner. trade name. welcoming clients. milage. infinite. insides. expressions. elegance and so on. But the sarcasm started when the safest acclaimed auto of Tata’s caught in fires while its manner back from salesroom to place. The intense media examination about the few instances of Nano catching fire brought a singular dent in Nano gross revenues and shattered the customers’ assurance in auto. Since so Nano is fighting difficult to recover its strong image in the eyes of its clients as still the immense potency of in-between section is undiscovered. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1088 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano The treatment arises about the turnaround schemes of Nano maintaining in position its initial launch success. a few quality failures and deformed perceptual experiences in the heads of its clients. This treatment will further add to the design of schemes for future new merchandises which are good strategized for success with clear and defined conceival about the costs. and market sections but fail due to a few little but important errors. This treatment can further go on for strategic repositioning and turnaround of merchandises accepted good in their initial phases of ‘PLC’ but matured really shortly due to certain important selling errors. Conceiving of the Idea The thought conceived about Nano was a dare dream of Tatas’ non because of its unbelievably low-cost monetary value but besides because of the promise it held for supplying safe personal mobility to a immense subdivision of the Indian two Wheeler siting population. It was an wholly new merchandise Beginning: Statisticss by Society of Indian Autommobile Manufacturers section with a whole different dimension of its demand to incorporate costs within a predetermined mark of `1 hundred thousand. The Nano monetary value was the lone certainty at the clip thought was conceived. And so get downing from a clean sheet of paper. the auto was designed and developed maintaining fabrication costs. stuff costs and production costs at lowest possible degree along with keeping its character. manner. endearing expressions and finished quality. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1089 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Problems in the Product Development Phase Ride for Tatas in the production of Nano had been anything but smooth. Tata built a Nano works in West Bengal but was forced out in Oct. . 2008 due to violent protest from husbandmans. This event resulted in the impermanent hold in the production along with doing a immense loss of substructure costs of a works about ready for auto production. Another works was built at Sanand in Gujrat where the production eventually started. These initial constrictions in the production someplace affected the enthusiasm about the undertaking and resulted in limited early handiness which caused pre-bookings and lottery bringings. This priced out many purchasers negatively snaping out the impulse from the market. Almost from the start the undertaking was plagued by jobs and were magnified by intense media engagement. Most Anticipated launch When India’s Tata Motors launched Nano in 2009. the construct of the world’s cheapest auto in one of the fast growing vehicles markets seems pre-destined for success. At its launch. auto purchasing kineticss seemed to be undergoing a elusive alteration. Tata traders were flooded with questions from prospective purchasers. Peoples chiefly in-between category were uneasily waiting for it. Bing the world’s cheapest auto. Tata Nano had an border over its rivals in footings of its pricing. which helped Tata to register nice gross revenues figures ab initio. While taking between Maruti Suzuki 800 and Tata Nano. people gave missive more weightage in footings of monetary value and design. Its biggest USP ( alone merchandising preposition ) was its attractive expressions at lowest monetary value. In March 2009. when Tata was launched it got beforehand engagements upto 2. 00. 000 autos but it went through lottery path to give the first 1. 00. 000 nanos to its lucky clients. Nano became the most desired thing for two Wheeler riders and Tata was so confident about its merchandise that it did’nt travel into any selling program for Nano. Its intense ballyhoo was itself making its bombilation marketing1. So. Tata got busy in bring forthing Nanos to carry through its intense demand but at the same clip being really self-satisfied about the market and clients perceptual experiences of the auto. 1. Buzz selling is word of oral cavity recommendations by its bing users National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1090 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Sudden No-No for Nano Among all this ballyhoo when the new emerged in-between section of auto proprietors were basking their drive in their sparkling fashionable Nanos. first instance of Nano catching fire was reported in March. 2010 while its trip from salesroom to customer’s house. Another incident quoted the auto went on fires shortly after the driver reported a flicker from the rear side of the auto. The confidence of Tata’s cheapest auto being safest proved ironical and the media which was giving intense examination to the undertaking did its occupation good during the bad times besides. The security failure of the auto wholly broke the trust of the clients in Nano. A drastic lessening in gross revenues was noticed in November 2010 ( from 9000 units to 509 units per month ) when company called its bing clients to put in the safety devices in the auto. So with in a twelvemonth the inspiration of Tatas started looking like a failure as its gross revenues went about half within a twelvemonth. Gross saless were far off the mark of 25000 autos a month and the Nano works with an one-year capacity of 250000 autos kept bring forthing merely 8000 units a month till March 2011. Table 1: Gross saless Excerpts ( From July 2009 to March 2012 ) Month and twelvemonth Nano units sold July 2009 2475 Dec 2009 4001 March 2010 4710 April 2010 3525 July 2010 9000 Nov 2010 509 Dec 2010 5784 Beginning: assorted web sites of Tata motors Month and twelvemonth Jan 2011 April 2011 July 2011 Dec 2011 Jan 2012 Feb 2012 Mar 2012 Nano units sold 6703 10012 3260 7466 7723 9217 10475 National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1091 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Tata Nano Performance V Automobile Industry Production ( Passenger Vehicles ) Industrial Scanning and analysis showed that the rider vehicles production in the state was turning enormously ( Fig. 3 ) . but Nano gross revenues showed a assorted tendency till the mid of 2011 ( Fig 2 ) . The company took to replace the starting motor motors in the older theoretical accounts and launched a new theoretical account in 2012 but replacing of the parts could besides impact the farther gross revenues of new theoretical account as good said. ‘Indian clients do non forgive easily’ . So. there was a great challenge for Tata to retain its trade name image. Inappropriate Market Positioning: Cheaper V Affordable After the several months of dissatisfactory gross revenues of Nano. it became clear by the terminal of 2011that its cheapest ticket has really shunned its gross revenues. The position witting client didn’t want to acquire associated with its ‘cheap’ ticket and instead opted for somewhat pricier challengers. Cipher wanted to be caught with a ticket of ‘poor man’s auto. So instead being a functional measure above a bike it became known as a bargain-priced auto. Crucially auto has struggled to happen a nucleus market. The overpowering involvement in the auto brought all the assorted sections of the clients in the market. So. a typical scheme was losing to give a right placement and cleavage to the highly typical merchandise. Communication complacence Tatas relied to a great extent on the promotion instead than a decidedly designed communicating scheme. There was immense engagement from media. industry and public at big. Rather than leveraging this promotion Tata became self-satisfied about the communicating. It became the first auto to be launched at zero cost of advertisement with a immense success. The promotion generated was far greater than what could be generated through any conventional run. Tatas supplication was that job was non of the complacence. Because the Nano works had to travel from West Bengal to Gujarat. production timelines were hard to keep. With non adequate autos being made. the company felt it didn’t have to publicize or even put up efficient distribution channels. But the ballyhoo about the auto died down. and the narratives about the fires gained prominence. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1093 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano On the hindsight. apart from being delayed. the first ads were non the most appropriate. They showcased twosomes ensconced in Nanos. While those on two Wheelers stared at them balefully. It seemed to be merely for people who have to stretch themselves to purchase a auto ; instead it could hold been for homemaker or a child who had merely turned 18. But the advertisement focused at para degree. Tata seemed to sign the media narrative about it being a Garibrath instead than a cool auto. Another ad in the early 2011 besides projected the same image having a miss in a unquestionably countrified puting expecting the household Nano. Initial ads of Tata Nano: Khushion ki Chabi Such errors by Tatas really fuelled the perceptual experience of a hapless man’s auto. The auto is excessively much of an emotional purchase. It’s the 2nd biggest accomplishment after a house and the cheapest ticket proved black for Nano. Resurrection by Tatas Nano is the dream of Tatas and seeing the market flooded with so many little autos Tatas still see a immense potency in Nano and is looking to undo its errors in the yesteryear. As quoted by Ratan Tata on the Eve of Auto exhibition 2012. ‘Nano is non a floating-point operation. We have lost an early chance due to errors in placement and marketing the merchandise. ’ The new selling run by Tata is all set to alter the perceptual experience from a Garib rath to a cool auto as it allows immature to be so capricious with the cool auto that they can drive the several kilometres for a cup of perfect tea! Road to Lal Tippa National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1094 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Tata is traveling to establish Tata Nano CNG by the terminal of 2012. The company has given the auto a new makeover by extra characteristics like new insides. a powerful gasolene engine. better fuel efficiency and attractive colourss like bubbly gold and papaya orange. Another enterprise is offering Tata Nano felicity warrant which more than doubles the car’s guarantee from 18 months to four old ages take a firm standing on its dependability. Offering fast path funding for purchasers with loan blessings in 48 hours and cut downing down payments to merely `15000 is another step. Tata is be aftering to come in new planetary market such as Thailand. Myanmar. Indonesia and Bangladesh with Nano. The 2012 version of Nano was unveiled by the Tata in the terminal of 2011 and now as the financial twelvemonth ended in March. the new attempts to advance the 2012 Nano in the Indian market have started paying off. After July 2011 till March 2012 Tata Nano has registered an addition in gros s revenues and crossed the 10000 grade at the terminal of the financial twelvemonth 2011-12 ( March 2012. 10475 units. Table1 ) . The lovely Nano is a large good auto in little bundle and its value is being recognized bit by bit by the clients. Hence. with the strong belief in head that the potency of Nano market remains every bit huge as it was originally predicted ; Tata is traveling with some strong stairss in the market as it is besides be aftering to establish a diesel discrepancy of Nano in near future which will turn out a value preposition for its clients. Long manner in front Nano has to travel a long manner in recognizing its dream of 20. 000 plus units per month that would acquire its works in the western province of Gujarat running full accelerator which is soon traveling at the degree of around 10000 units per month. Hailed as a collectors item of invention spawned from and targeted at the emerging upper in-between category ; Nano is working hard to undo its errors in the yesteryear. As little auto section is holding really strong potency. there is a inundation of little auto trade names in the Indian market. It has to confront strong competition from its close challengers such as Bajaj’s RE 60. Maruti Suzuki Cervo ( approx. ` 1. 5 hundred thousand ) . Maruti Alto and somewhat pricier options Hyundai Santro. freshly launched Hyundai Eon etc. Nano faces lifting competition from used auto section National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1095 A Dream Shattered or Still A Large Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano besides. Apart from the strong rivals. high rising prices and decelerate economic growing besides put another challenges for Tata Nano. Tata is making difficult to raise the merchandise section by intensive dependability technology. advertisement inventions for shifting and strong distribution and service installations to remember the trust of its clients. Let’s see how Nano makes its shapers proud amidst conflicting perceptual experiences of clients. the huge competition and lifting rising prices by keeping expected public presentation at its tiniest ticket! ! ! Questions 1. What do you believe were the grounds due to which Nano was such a welcome launch more than any other auto launch in the industry antecedently? 2. As Cheapest auto being its USP ( Unique selling Preposition ) . how it went against the gross revenues public presentation of Nano later. Give cardinal grounds. 3. â€Å"Intense Media attending about the merchandise went for and against it besides. † Elaborate. 4. How the changed perceptual experiences about the auto impacted its gross revenues? Besides give other cardinal grounds for such a huge fluctuation in its gross revenues public presentation. 5. Despite the assorted Resurrection attempts by Tata what possible do you see of Nano in quickly turning little auto section in coming old ages in the position of lifting competition in the section? Mentions: ‘Auto Expo 2012: Tata Nano is non a floating-point operation. merely an chance wasted: Ratan Tata’ . Economic Times. Jan 6. 2012. ‘No Takers: Is the Tata Nano Runing Out of Gas? ’ . India [ electronic mail protected ]/*. January 27. 2011 Buddiraja S. . ‘ Case Analysis in Marketing Management’ . Tata Mcgraw hills. New Delhi. Dhingra Mayank. ‘Marketing Case Study: Tata Nano - Document Transcript’ . ( Aug 2009 ) . Slideshare. India Today/ Business/Story New Delhi. Jan 6 2012. Kotlar Phillip. ‘Marketing Management: a South Asiatic Perspective’ 13th Edition. Pearson Education. New Delhi. Statisticss by Society of Indian Mobile Manufacturers. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. siamindia. com/scripts/market-share. aspx Economic Times. ’World’s cheapest car’ ticket backfires’ . . 24 Jan. 2012 Web Sources: World Wide Web. tatamotors. com/media/press-releases. php? id=732 World Wide Web. zigwheels. c om/tata-nano/ World Wide Web. lens implant. co. za/business/business-news/home-sales-of-world-s-cheapest-car-backfire-1. 1219524 Assorted web sites of Tata Motors National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1096

Develop strategies of communication for maximizing Essays

Develop strategies of communication for maximizing Essays Develop strategies of communication for maximizing impact to interactions more productive . 1, understand your audience 2, Know the knowledge of the receivers avoid giving the inf ormation they already know (decrease the effectiveness of communication) 3, Avoid giving highly specialized information (not confused easy to understand) 4, Consider the reasons and the desired result when devising an initial strategy (prioritize your purpose when you have more than one purposes) 5, Avoid irrelevant information sales agent describe the feature of product forget to ask order 6, Effective communication is about more than just exchanging information. It's about understanding the emotion and intentions behind the information. As well as being able to clearly convey a message, you need to also listen in a way that gains the full meaning of what's being said, builds trust, and makes the other person feel heard and understood. Not focus on what they say - be an active listener Subtle intonation - how they feel emotion connect with the people Provide feedback Nonverbal signals (gesture eye contact body language tone ) Speak clearly and concisely get someone to respond to you in a positive mannerNo one is going to want to talk to you if you sigh, roll your eyes, or seem otherwise impatient or bored while they are trying to convey their information. This can actually be as simple as maintaining eye contact, and modifying your body language to appear attentive and interested Learn the characteristics of behavioral styles and determine how style differences impact interactions and relationships. Companies today are expanding the role of teams in the workplace in an effort to empower employees and improve organizational effectiveness. The more we try to work as a team, the more important it becomes to recognize that people exhibit different behavioral styles. I use the term "behavioral style", purposely avoiding the terms "personality" or "attitude", because unless we are psychiatrists or psychologists, we are not qualified to evaluate such things. All that we can see and deal with is a person's behavior. There are four major behavioral styles: analytical, amiable, driver and expressive. Please note that I am using an extreme simplification of each particular style. It is doubtful that all people of a particular behavioral style exhibit all of the characteristics portrayed. AnalyticalThis behavioral style is noted for the ability to gather and review data. This style is typical of people in technical positions such as engineering, accounting and information technology. Details and accuracy are important to these people, and they take great pride in providing information that is correct. Skills:Analyticals are persistent and don't mind spending extra time to make sure things are right. For the most part, they are orderly and present ideas or solutions in an orderly manner. Caution:Due to their desire for accuracy and attention to detail, analyticals can come across as indecisive. They can also be critical of solutions that veer from what the "facts" say. They have little use for gut feelings and may go to great lengths to avoid dealing with those who do. Favorite word:Why? Best Performance:Allow them sufficient time to gather and interpret information. AmiableAmiables are highly supportive individuals interested in establishing and maintaining relationships in an organization. This behavioral style is typical of employees in human resources and social or medical services. Skills:Amiables are great at achieving consensus within an organization. They can effectively facilitate groups and bring sides together to develop a win/win solution. Caution:Sometimes an amiable person's desire to reach agreement may cause the person to conform too easily, intent in maintaining relationships rather than reaching the best solution. Favorite word:We. Best Performance:Encourage amiables to initiate and stand behind their ideas. Allow them to maintain relationships in the organization. DriverDrivers, as the name implies, are often the driving force behind getting things done in an organization. They are results-oriented individuals who are motivated by goals. Drivers typically gravitate to positions in management and sales. Skills:Drivers are effective at time management, seeming to possess an innate ability to devote just the right amount of time and effort to things that need to be done. Drivers rarely struggle with making decisions. Caution:Because they are so driven for success in a timely manner, drivers may neglect the impact that their actions have on others. They may be viewed as willing to

Free Essays on Erin And Gwen

Erin and Gwen Jessica Hamilton â€Å"What did you just say?† Erin said with an exhausted tone. â€Å"I said,† Her co-pilot replied softly. â€Å"That we have to make a drop in Fiji. It’s not my idea so don’t get all pissy at me...† They both sighed lightly in the dim cockpit. The engines low murmur was the only thing piercing the deep silence that Erin and Gwen had been sitting in for 12 hours, only to have 6 more hours to look forward to due to their new ‘mission’. Erin and Gwen met in college as freshmen and have been best friends ever since. They went through air-flight school, the air force, and everything else together which was comforting, but sometimes they wondered how things would be if the other just wasn’t there. They sat and stared out the window. The ocean was black and seemed endlessly deep and far. Close to the dark horizon the moon was white and a quarter full. Thousands of stars seemed to light up the dark mottled blue sky that was clear except for a few lingering clouds on the horizon. â€Å"Gosh, it’s so pretty.† Gwen said in a dreamy tone. She’s always been a dreamer, wanting to travel and go adventure in exotic places. Before she started college, she didn’t even really have a career or life goal; other then partying and wondering about how leaves got their shape and color, and if God made clouds look like bunnies on purpose, or if it’s just one of those things that happen in nature. She didn’t know and didn’t really care to know; she just thought it was interesting to think about for a while. â€Å"I’m getting something to eat.† She said, â€Å"You want something or are you good? â€Å"I’m fine†¦ Oh yeah, can you get me a beer from our stash?† Erin asked with a smile. â€Å"Eh, yeah, I bet it wouldn’t hurt.† Gwen replied with a shrug and grabbed a sandwich she made for herself from the gray American Airlines duffle bag that was lying next to her foot. She rummaged th... Free Essays on Erin And Gwen Free Essays on Erin And Gwen Erin and Gwen Jessica Hamilton â€Å"What did you just say?† Erin said with an exhausted tone. â€Å"I said,† Her co-pilot replied softly. â€Å"That we have to make a drop in Fiji. It’s not my idea so don’t get all pissy at me...† They both sighed lightly in the dim cockpit. The engines low murmur was the only thing piercing the deep silence that Erin and Gwen had been sitting in for 12 hours, only to have 6 more hours to look forward to due to their new ‘mission’. Erin and Gwen met in college as freshmen and have been best friends ever since. They went through air-flight school, the air force, and everything else together which was comforting, but sometimes they wondered how things would be if the other just wasn’t there. They sat and stared out the window. The ocean was black and seemed endlessly deep and far. Close to the dark horizon the moon was white and a quarter full. Thousands of stars seemed to light up the dark mottled blue sky that was clear except for a few lingering clouds on the horizon. â€Å"Gosh, it’s so pretty.† Gwen said in a dreamy tone. She’s always been a dreamer, wanting to travel and go adventure in exotic places. Before she started college, she didn’t even really have a career or life goal; other then partying and wondering about how leaves got their shape and color, and if God made clouds look like bunnies on purpose, or if it’s just one of those things that happen in nature. She didn’t know and didn’t really care to know; she just thought it was interesting to think about for a while. â€Å"I’m getting something to eat.† She said, â€Å"You want something or are you good? â€Å"I’m fine†¦ Oh yeah, can you get me a beer from our stash?† Erin asked with a smile. â€Å"Eh, yeah, I bet it wouldn’t hurt.† Gwen replied with a shrug and grabbed a sandwich she made for herself from the gray American Airlines duffle bag that was lying next to her foot. She rummaged th...

Describe and analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Describe and analyze - Essay Example The closest competitors of Starbucks are the other coffee shops in US, doughnut shops, and restaurants (Tata Global Beverages â€Å"Tata Starbucks readies for Indian market entry by end of October†). Starbucks is planning to expand aggressively, by adding 3500 stores round the world. It has also planned to increase the number of shops in US to 20,000 and then eventually 40,000. (Starbucks Newsroom â€Å"Tata Starbucks Limited Readies for India Market Entry by End of October†). Starbucks planned its roadmap to venture in India with Tata Global Beverages, though according to the present legal framework of the country, Starbucks could have entered India without any partner, yet the company is planning to enter into a 50-50 joint venture with TATA Group. As far as marketing strategies of Starbucks are concerned for India, the strategies that they have formulated for the US target market would not assist them to be successful in India because India is a culturally rich count ry and the people belonging to any class have strong attachment to the culture. In India coffee is preferred, but tea is preferred more than coffee. Moreover, the food offered in Starbucks in USA is completely different from the taste and preferences of Indian consumers (Knowledge Wharton Today â€Å"Starbucks Comes to India, Selling Coffee and Atmosphere†). ... Starbucks is also well-known for its high quality coffee bean, so the Indian customers would expect to receive similar high quality and tasty coffee and tea from Starbucks, but the other menus such as snacks or meals which is also sold in Starbucks stores have to be absolutely Indian or balanced combination of Indo-American dishes, as the Indian customers have varied taste and preferences and they welcome different food items and menus from different countries too (Ahmed â€Å"Starbucks Delays India Entry†). Starbucks’ step to choose TATA for entering India is a very intelligent decision because TATA as a brand has high goodwill in India. TATA is denoted as another name for India values, relationship and high quality product. Apart from this, TATA also has the experience of understanding the Indian customers better than any other company. So it can be said that two strategies would assist Starbucks to successfully enter and set business India; firstly the joint venture with Tata Group, and secondly the marketing strategies which would include understanding the Indian culture, their values, taste and preferences, and then design the menu and the ambience or culture of the coffee shop accordingly. Answer 2 First Solar Inc. is an American company which manufactures photovoltaic films or modules which is popularly known as solar panels. It is one of the largest manufacturers of solar power modules which are used to convert the sunlight into electricity. The customers of First Solar are the solar project developers, independent producers of power, and system integrators. Initially the company sold its products in Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Italy, but later it expanded its markets to China, India and also in other parts of US. The

Principles of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of management - Essay Example The other staffs working under them just follow the tasks provided by the executives. The said structure may be considered as bureaucratic or post-bureaucratic depending upon the performance. Bureaucratic is considered when there is a value for merits, hierarchy and definite separation of responsibilities and roles. On the other hand, a post-bureaucratic organization may have the hierarchy but there is a sense of equality in voicing out opinions and ideas through dialogues. Post-bureaucratic also favors consensus which means the decision would depend upon the majority of votes or prevailing idea (DuBrin 263). Despite of the â€Å"majority wins† mentality, hierarchy still exists in post-bureaucratic organizations. Kraft was sort of a centralized rigid organization way back before its acquisition of Cadbury. After one and a half year of acquiring Cadbury, the company decided to split the organization into two namely the snack food business and grocery business (Geller). In addit ion, it also made efforts to decentralize its structure by allowing more staffs to participate in decision-making and improving the company as a whole. The decision-making involving the product development and manufacturing would be the ones transferred to the lower levels of the organizational hierarchy. In addition, the structure might look like a matrix because the information technology, human resources and logistics teams would be shared across the organization (Ferrari). Organizational structure is not the only concern in the paper as the ethical issues are also important in the productivity and performance of a company. It is already an accepted fact that making mistakes is inevitable but can be reduced by careful preparations, best practices and sound decisions. Each mistake can be detrimental to the overall state of the company so the rightness or wrongness of an action or practice is being looked at by the professionals and even by the public. After all, a business depends upon the profit that will be gained from sales that they can make from the market which includes the public. Once the public sees something wrong with the products, services or practices of a business, they will stop patronizing the business. As a result, the business will earn less due to a decrease in sales. Worst may come to worst, the business may shut down its operations. When it comes to Kraft Foods, it is not safe from ethical issues as it had been involved with two primary issues: the ethics in cloning food products and the acquisition of Cadbury. It was said that genetically-modified organisms and clones ones for food production became a controversy in the 90s when people suspect that they would not bring any good to the public. Some people speculated that those can be harmful once taken. It might have a partial truth with it but the Food and Drug Administration had released stricter guidelines in monitoring cloned food goods to ensure the safety of the consumers. Kraft ma rketed the Starlink corn which was contaminated. The said corn was used in making the Taco Bell shell which was marketed by Kraft in supermarkets (Brizek, Cameron and Woodle 5). In response, Kraft made a series of tests and when they found out the contamination to be true, they quickly pulled out the said product in the market. Another ethical issue would be the acquisition of Cadbury as Kraft made a promise not to close the plant in Summerdale community. The promise was not kept and

Just War Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Just War Doctrine - Essay Example In this direction, Orend, Brian (2008) argues that â€Å"just war theory is probably the most influential perspective on the ethics of war and peace.† This means that the talk of just war raises a lot of questions on ethics and morality. Many researchers and theorist have therefore propounded a lot of ideas and theories on just war. One of such is the ‘consequentialist’ moral dynamic for intelligence operations introduced by Arrigo. The Arrigo Paper and believers of it thereof raise a lot of issues of when human source intelligence, counterintelligence, or covert operations pass the â€Å"moral divide† and violate the Just War doctrine. As an expectation of civilians from the military, wars should be started by causes and causes should be found through intelligence. For this reason, a justified war comes with a justifiable cause and for that matter, a justifiable intelligence. It is therefore important that â€Å"a doctrine of just war should coordinate wi th a doctrine of just intelligence, especially for human source intelligence, counterintelligence, and covert operations† (Arrigo, 2001).

Basic Quantitative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basic Quantitative Analysis - Essay Example (Statistical Significance, 1997) Obtained results are the results that the test demonstrates overall. The factors that are most important when determining whether these results will be satisfied are the hypothesis, the research itself, and the statistical significance of the research. Type I and Type II errors are both types of errors that can be made in significance testing. A Type I error occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected, and it should not have been rejected. A Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. The probability of a Type I error is designated by the Greek letter alpha (a) and is called the Type I error rate; the probability of a Type II error (the Type II error rate) is designated by the Greek letter beta (ß) . The false positive rate can be defined, according to Type I and Type II Errors (n.d.) as: the proportion of negative instances that were erroneously reported as being positive. It is equal to 1 minus the specificity of the test. This is equivalent to saying the false positive rate is equal to the significance level. This means the false positive rate = number of false positives/total number of negative instances. According to â€Å"Type I and Type II Errors† (n.d.): â€Å"The false negative rate is the proportion of positive instances that were erroneously reported as negative. It is equal to 1 minus the power of the test. False negative rate = number of false negatives/total number of positive instances. Type II errors can be caused by a lack of sensitivity or, In many cases, an oversight. Statistical significance means that the noticed mean variations are probably not due to a sampling error. Even a small sample, if it is large enough for the test, can work for statistical significance. Practical significance, on the other hand, considers if the difference is adequate enough to be of help in a practical sense. A researcher

Religious visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religious visit - Essay Example For a class assignment, I visited St. Margaret’s Church at 1565 East Washington highway, Monticello Fl, 32344 (U.S. 90 east). This is a Catholic Church with the Parish consisting of Catholics living in the vicinity of the Washington highway. The purpose of the visit was to attend a Catholic Mass and experience the spiritual emotions of the congregation. Since Sunday services in Churches are usually filled to capacity, I thought it better to visit on a Saturday when only very devoted Catholics would be attending the daily Mass. The day was bright and sunny when I started from home and arrived at the church at 10.45 am. The first thing that struck me was the simplicity of its construction and the austere beauty of the church. It is a stone building, with a slanting gabled roof. The entrance was through an oval shaped, large mahogany door which seemed to welcome worshippers and added to the beauty of the Church. The inside of the church was quite simple, with pews for accommodating 250 or little more parishioners for one service. The people in the church were mostly middle class working people, with some pensioners also in attendance. There were an equal number of men and women. It was a mixed lot with Caucasians, Asians, and some Black worshippers. As this was a Saturday, most of the pews were empty and there were only some 35 worshippers present at this morning’s mass. ... The church premises included a vestry which was attached to the church and houses for the pastor and other lay persons who tended to the affairs of the church. There were 2 classrooms for Sunday classes for the younger children, and another classroom where boys and girls prepared for their first communion and later for their confirmation. There is a community hall with the church, where Parishioners meet to discuss the affairs of the church and to plan the various church programs, especially special worship programs such as Christmas, New Year, Easter and to celebrate the feast of St. Margaret (Brom). The organ was an old pipe organ which played during psalms and hymns. The choir comprised of some youngsters and some middle aged people who had been participating in the choir since they were young. Other outstanding features included a basketball court where young parishioners played in the evening and on holidays. Some trees surrounded the church, which provided welcome shade to pari shioners who liked to chat after services before heading for home. The lawn was green and well maintained. Most events and celebrations, such as wedding receptions, family picnics etc were held in the lawn. On Sundays, children played in the lawn while their elders attended Mass in the Church. I thought it better to arrive a few minutes before the service started. I was warmly greeted by Pastor Rev. Viet Tan Huynh, who is the parish priest. He asked if I was a recent member, and when I explained that I was here for just this one service, and why I was here. The church was adequately lit, and the pews were clean and gleaming. Everything was in perfect order. Pastor Rev. Viet Tan Huynh started the mass with

Basic Quantitative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basic Quantitative Analysis - Essay Example (Statistical Significance, 1997) Obtained results are the results that the test demonstrates overall. The factors that are most important when determining whether these results will be satisfied are the hypothesis, the research itself, and the statistical significance of the research. Type I and Type II errors are both types of errors that can be made in significance testing. A Type I error occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected, and it should not have been rejected. A Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. The probability of a Type I error is designated by the Greek letter alpha (a) and is called the Type I error rate; the probability of a Type II error (the Type II error rate) is designated by the Greek letter beta (ß) . The false positive rate can be defined, according to Type I and Type II Errors (n.d.) as: the proportion of negative instances that were erroneously reported as being positive. It is equal to 1 minus the specificity of the test. This is equivalent to saying the false positive rate is equal to the significance level. This means the false positive rate = number of false positives/total number of negative instances. According to â€Å"Type I and Type II Errors† (n.d.): â€Å"The false negative rate is the proportion of positive instances that were erroneously reported as negative. It is equal to 1 minus the power of the test. False negative rate = number of false negatives/total number of positive instances. Type II errors can be caused by a lack of sensitivity or, In many cases, an oversight. Statistical significance means that the noticed mean variations are probably not due to a sampling error. Even a small sample, if it is large enough for the test, can work for statistical significance. Practical significance, on the other hand, considers if the difference is adequate enough to be of help in a practical sense. A researcher

Gender,Sexuality and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender,Sexuality and Diversity - Essay Example This paper shall critically discuss the post-feminist argument that in Western societies, women are empowered to choose whether or not to engage in beauty practices. A discussion on the various manifestations of women empowerment will be included in this paper. Body Western societies are now seemingly perceived to be post-feminist, which may mean that structural elements negatively affecting women have already been managed and that any lingering differences between men and women are being attributed to the manifestations of individual choices (Jeffreys, 2005). Writers acknowledge that choice has become the battle cry of the post-feminist era; under these conditions, as long as the actions of women are based on their own choices, there is no need for further assessment of their actions and choices (Braun, 2009). Beauty practices are very much related to such post-feminist ideas and arguments. Even if the use of beauty products have been subjected to feminist critique, practices like p utting on lipstick or shaving one’s legs do not any more represent issues for feminists (Stuart and Donahue, 2012). Third-wave feminists express that women’s power to choose the engagement in these beauty practices is a welcome element of feminism (Baumgardner and Richards, 2000). However, even with much support attributed to various choices, and even with the entry of women into areas in society where they were not previously included, women’s bodies are still made part of high surveillance and discipline (Jeffreys, 2005). The chances given to women to increase their achievements which were not available to them before has not been coordinated with the power to do away with the oppressive elements and practices of femininity. Scholars argue that the discarding of traditional female roles in the workplace has been matched with a greater focus on feminine bodies (Gill, 2007). Gill (2007) points out that femininity for the current western culture has followed the suggested trajectory laid out by Bartky (1990), Bordo (1993), and Wolf (1990) where social applications relating to femininity are not anymore directed towards the manifestation of traditional gender roles, but are leaning more towards practices which strongly highlight the management and beautification of women’s bodies. Postfeminist marks of liberation via empowerment and choices are placed within the context of harsh beauty requirements and images which Western women are compared to and judged against (Gill, 2006). In effect, with all the apparent choices, the contemporary western culture puts a very harsh and intense evaluation of women’s bodies. Contextualizing femininity within the post-feminist conditions is a major focus of contemporary feminist work (Evans, et.al., 2010). Feminine beauty practices were a clear focus for the second-wave feminism with a more critical assessment made on the means by which such practices have impacted on the reification of the dis parities between men and women, as well as the objectification of women (Bartky, 1990). By the end of the 1980s, as feminism secured more success in the liberation of women, the negative reaction against the second wave feminism caused new restrictions on women’s liberties (Jeffreys, 2005). The conditional message has been suggested relating to women gaining a more liberated status, for as long as such status is not made at the cost of their femininity. Such message is seen in

Relationship formation Essay Example for Free

Relationship formation Essay A relationship is an encounter with another person or a group of people that endures over time. It happens with celebrities even though you dont meet them. Derrick (2008) discovered how these fake relationships (parasocial relationships) could provide a safe route for people who have a difficult time with real interpersonal relationships. People with low self-esteem can use parasocial relationships to feel closer to their ideal selves (i.e. the person they would rather be than the person they actually are). Â  Relationships are important to social well being. They are characterised by features including the following: responsibility, giving,, taking, rules (for e.g. you cant sleep with your friends ex-partner) and roles (best friend, wife, daughter mother etc). There are two main theories that explain why relationships are formed. I am going to begin with the reward/need satisfaction model (Byrne and Clove, 1970) this suggests that both operant and classical conditioning play a part in relationships. This theory states that we learn to associate with people for positive and enjoyable situations even if they are not directly rewarding us in these instances. In other words, we enter a relationship that rewards us the most or give us the most pleasure. As generally when time is spent with others we have a laugh and feel happy, vibrant and awesome. Whereas when we spend time alone we tend to feel sad and lonely to some extent lethargic. Also, this theory uses conditioning and reinforcement. Classical conditioning is when we associate with pleasure rather than being directly rewarded. In contrast, operant conditioning is when we are directly rewarded such as through gifts, companionship and sex. Positive reinforcement is when you are rewarded by compliments for example. On the other hand negative reinforcement is achieved by taking something good away from you such as you split with your boyfriend but to make the sadness go away from splitting up with your partner by sleeping with someone else or going out with someone else (rebound). Therefore, this relationship is based on negative reinforcement as you are involved in the relationship to take away the upset and sad feelings you have. In addition May and Hamilton (1980) asked female students to say how much they liked the look of male students (strangers), whose photographs they were given. Some students viewed them while pleasant music was being played. Others looked at the photographs while unpleasant music was being played. A comparison (control) group viewed the same pictures, but no music was played. As predicted in the hypothesis, the students who had heard the pleasant music while looking at the photographs liked the men best and rated them more attractive. This and many experiments (e.g. Cunningham, 1998) have shown that positive effect (feeling/emotion) can lead to attraction. However this experiment didnt take into account individual differences as participants may like the unpleasant music just as much as the pleasant music. Also doesnt take into account gender differences as the type of music played may not affect males on their scoring. Overall, the reward/need satisfaction model doesnt take into account that giving may provide people with pleasure rather than just receiving. Hays (1985) found when examining student friendships as much value was given to rewarding the other person than as being rewarded oneself. Participants in relationships are often more concerned with equity and fairness in rewards and demands than with the desire to maximise their own benefits. Furthermore, this model tends to focus on western cultures hence lacks ecological validity. In non -western cultures you tend to be rewarded for being like everyone else rather than individualistic so being in a relationship wouldnt be rewarding in these cultures. Hill (1972) showed that kinship bonds are very influential resilient not dependent on reinforcement. Indicating social relationships are more commonly found in these countries and show little concern for the receipt of reinforcements. In addition this theory doesnt take into account gender differences as women are more focused on the needs of others, with men it is against their machismo and manliness, who are orientated towards the gratification of their own needs, (Lott, 1994). However it could be argued that meeting the needs of others might be reinforcing in itself. Moreover, the matching hypothesis (Walster et al, 1966) suggests that physical attractiveness is the main thing we look for in a mate and that we are attracted to those that are similar to us. Further research lead to the following main theories: socially desirable individuals seek out other socially desirable individuals and matched couples tend to be more successful than unmatched couples. When we are choosing a mate we are influenced by desirability and the probability of the person saying yes (realistic choice). Murstein (1972) supports the theory that physical attractiveness is the main factor when forming a relationship (the matching hypothesis). Murstein argues that individuals initial attraction towards each other in the formative stages of a relationship depends on available costs that indicate their social desirability (e.g. physical attractiveness). Data collected in the real world shows strong evidence for the matching effect in correlational studies conducted with actual couples (e.g. Murstein 1972, Silverman 1971). In these studies the attractiveness level is measured for each partner for actual couples.

New product development

New product development Need in the Market The need for an eBook in the market was evident. In the information age, where volumes of data and information need to be exchanged, created, examined and organized, there was a huge void to be filled by a handy device capable of being carried around, having an interface big enough like a book, but not the limited capacity of a paper book. The books were omnipresent, even though depleting in number with the internet coming up. But for extended reading, the computer screen was too inconvenient. It took too much time to load up. It was unwieldy to carry around. Not everything was available in a format youd want it in. To look into what exactly the need was, lets us look deeper into some specific points. To fill the current void, the market needed a product that: Was not heavy on the environment, like books. There was too much paper and ink being used for relatively miniscule amounts of information. Replicated the book in terms of readability. The computer screen was strenuous to look into for too long. Further, the computer screen could not be seen in sunlight. It also was very hard to read at angles. Facilitated exchange of information without necessarily the constriction of holding a device and keeping the users eye fixed on it. For example, in the ultra mobile culture that is emerging, many users are either driving a vehicle for a big fraction of the day. They may be users who are working around the house too. Books, because of the undivided attention they required, were slowly being drifted away from. Did not require storage space. Books took up a lot of space. Theres only so much information that can be kept in the library in the form of books. Was not heavy. Books are heavy if you realize that just to move from your living room to the park outside with a few big books is not inviting. If youre travelling, its almost impossible. Was updated in real time. Books cant be, and computers are, as we saw, unwieldy. We now see how the Kindle fulfilled these needs. The Amazon Kindle and how it filled the gap The answer was an eBook reader. One such product is the Amazon Kindle. A quick glance at its features, benefits and how it fits with the market demand identified above is presented. Amazon Kindle: a software/hardware platform by Amazon.com for displaying e-books and sometimes, other digital media. The 3 versions are: Kindle, Kindle 2, and Kindle DX. The Kindle First Generation, which was Amazons first device, was released in the US in 2007 (on November 19). The Kindle uses an E Ink brand electronic paper display. It downloads content using Amazons Whispernet (propriety online store) using mobile networks. The Kindle 2 devices use the American ATTs service and some roaming partners that give wireless access internationally. Kindle does not have to be connected to a computer, and Amazon Whispernet does not require a subscription. All Kindles come with free access to the Internet over mobile networks in the US. Here is a look at the features and benefits you can find with Amazon Kindle. The screen looks like real printed paper. Kindle also became desirable because of its 3G connection service in more than 100 countries. Users are able to get the first chapters of books before purchasing them. The actual download takes 60 seconds. The Kindle DX features a larger screen and more memory to hold more e-books. The screen size is 9.7 inches which is pretty large for comfortable reading. Even the available memory of 3.3 GB is enough to keep to the tune of 3500 books. The screen boasts not having any glare or illumination. This doubles up as a major power saver. In addition, the words of the book, once displayed on the kindle, remain that way without consuming any power. So, in the domain of utilization of power, it is very efficient. About 500,000 book titles are available at its Kindle Store for international customers. Competitive analysis Porters analysis for the eBook industry Entry Entry barriers to the e-book industry are few, if any. The manufacturing process is relatively simple; except for the screen, the technology is well developed. The Kindle uses an electronic paper display manufactured by E-Ink Corporation and this same display can be found in the Sony Reader, the iLiad, the Cybook Gen3, and the Readius. However, there is a challenge of signing agreements with publishers so that the material can be released as an e-book. Perhaps the biggest obstacle that all the companies are facing right now is the lack of growth in the industry. Jinke has been in the business since 2000 but has sold only 150,000 readers, the most of all the companies. Rivalry The e-book market is still in an early stage and because of this, market price levels are still uncertain. There are significant variations in price between different producers of e-book readers. Amazon entered the market at a significantly higher price than Sony and many other competitors, but there are also other readers selling at $700 or more. Because the consumer base is so small, all producers would rather see it expand than steal customers from other manufacturers. Consequently, there is more incentive for manufacturers to improve their product and increase interest in e-books than to compete on price. Supplier Bargaining Power Supplier bargaining power is derived from the number of suppliers, availability of substitutes, and costs associated with switching to alternative inputs. There are two main inputs to the Kindle: screen and network technology. The technology used to create the specialized display on the Kindle is manufactured by the E-Ink Corporation. E-Ink is the leading firm in the electronic paper market and is a supplier to a variety of companies, including Sony and other e-book manufacturers. Since the electronic paper market is relatively new and does not consist of many firms, substitutes are limited. Given the state of the electronic paper market and the fact that electronic paper is a recently developed technology, E-Ink needs customers and hence E-Ink does not have much supplier bargaining power over Kindle. This could change in the future, depending on the popularity of the Kindle and the development of the electronic paper market. Amazon uses EVDO network technology, supplied by the Sprin t network. Kindle users do not need to pay to connect to the network, as Amazon covers the cost. Large EVDO network providers also include Verizon and Alltel, with other competing networks using a standard other than EVDO. This means that Amazons choice of networks for Whispernet is fairly limited. While not an issue now, if Kindle becomes much more widespread in the future, the company could face a holdup problem with Sprint if Sprint wants more of Amazons profits. Thus Kindles display and network suppliers currently do not have much bargaining power, but it is highly likely that if Kindle succeeds, supplier bargaining power will increase and may become a problem for Amazon. Publisher bargaining power is also important to consider since the Kindle is fairly useless without e-books. To increase the size of Amazons e-book library, it needs to obtain publisher permission for each book it converts. Publishers have a great deal of bargaining power in this respect; while there are many publishers, for each title one publisher has a monopoly. Thus, if Amazon wants a specific book for its Kindle, it will have to pay monopoly prices to the publisher. This effect can already be seen in the market for printed books, where much of the profit on a book is retained by the publisher. For a large publishing company like Random House, its profits are on the order of 10% of its revenue. On the other hand, a book retailer like Barnes and Noble has drastically lower profitability, with profits less than 1% of revenue. Thus publishers have a great deal of supplier bargaining power since they essentially decide which books become e-books and whether those books will be availa ble for the Kindle. Publishers can also require that Amazon sell only versions of their books that include Digital Rights Management (DRM), an attempt to prevent illegal copying of the content. Consequently, all books sold through Amazon on the Kindle are available only in the proprietary AZW format. Most competing readers also specialize in their own DRM format. Buyer Bargaining Power Kindle buyers have little bargaining power. Bargaining power is derived mainly from the ease of switching to a competing product and the value of the product to the buyer. Because both the Kindle and competing readers use DRM schemes, books purchased for the Kindle cannot be transferred to other manufacturers devices and vice versa. This is not the primary reason for DRM, but it is advantageous from Amazons point of view because it increases switching costs and helps to create buyer lock-in. The market for e-book readers is still young and small, so the majority of e-book reader buyers do not have a significant existing electronic library. Existing libraries are not yet an important factor in shaping consumers purchasing decisions. However, once the market matures a significant portion of sales will be to existing owners of e-book readers. Thus buyer bargaining power will decrease over time and be very weak in the mature market. Substitutes The main substitutes for Amazon Kindle are libraries, both brick and mortar and online bookstores, and Google Books. However, unlike the online bookstores and Google books, Kindle does not require a computer. Kindles free wireless connectivity which uses the same network as advanced cell phones enables buyers to shop from the Kindle Store directly from the Kindle device. Instead of having to travel to the local library or waiting for books to arrive from online bookstores, this wireless network can download a book in 60 seconds providing customers a more efficient and direct access to books. Although Kindle does not yet have access to as many books as some of these substitutes, it is progressively adding more books. Also, the Kindle stores everything a purchaser buys online; in this way, if a customer loses the Kindle, the reading material will not be lost, as would be the case if you had a paperback. The readers also do not have to deal with heavy or numerous books because of Kindle s light portability. The Kindle display looks like ink on paper, which is easier on the eye than LCD screens and comparable to printed media. It can also increase text size which is a clear advantage over books. Physical bookstores allow customers to browse books before purchasing. Amazon attempts to emulate this feature by allowing users to download and read the first chapter of any book for free. E-book versions of new releases and New York Times Best Sellers are $9.99, saving on average 60%, and many other books can be found for less. As for Google Books, Googles aim is to help people find and discover books and learn where to buy and borrow them. Although there are books that can be read online from start to finish, this is only the case for books in the public domain and out of copyright. For these reasons, Kindle compares favourably to these substitutes. Complements The size of the e-book library, other file types such as .pdf, .doc, and .jpeg, and the service to convert files to Kindle format are all complements of Amazon Kindle. The most important compliment required is the number of books offered to Kindle users. The day Amazon Kindle was released last year, the Kindle Store had more than 88,000 digital titles available for download and now has over 115,000 Books, newspapers, magazines, and blogs. Amazon also offers an email-based service that converts .html, .doc, .jpeg, .gif, .png, and .bmp documents to their Kindle format, AZW, or can load unprotected Mobipocket or plain text content. This AZW format is only for the Kindle which is a good strategy on Amazons part to tie the complement to the product. Kindle also supports formats for audio in the form of MP3s and Audible 2, 3, and 4 audiobooks, which must be transferred to the Kindle over USB or an SD card. With a variety of book options and supported formats to accommodate more customers a nd their various needs, the Kindle is a simple and convenient alternative to reading a paper copy book. Major Competitors This competitor analysis only compared the products on the basis of the technology but to sell the product, there is much more than mere technology which has to be projected. That is where marketing steps in and that is the area where Amazon has been at the forefront with its clear marketing strategy and its proactive and subtle innovations which keep them at the forefront of the E-book reader industry. Marketing strategy The marketing strategy of Amazon Kindle can be seen through the STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning) analysis of the Kindle which would give way to the marketing mix followed by the brand. A typical buyer of a Kindle can be perceived as a businessman/businesswoman who does not have enough time and space to carry along the pile of books and newspapers when they go out on a trip or a business meeting. They want multipurpose equipment with no frills attached so that they can browse their favourite book whenever, wherever they can. The popularity of the Kindle can be seen in countries such as America and Europe where these kinds of users are easy in good number. The Kindle is sold on the website of Amazon that saves Amazon a lot of cost due to a direct supply chain. The communication is basically through a series of adverts whenever one goes to the website of Amazon. Amazon has positioned the Kindle as a book carrier for the people on the go. The product is marketed heavily in A merica and not so much in Europe as books have an aesthetic value in the Europe. It considers book as a form of art which is not a case with Americans. Methodology The methodology consists of both the primary and secondary research methodology. The basic aim of the methodology is to gauge the consumer perception of the Amazon Kindle and to analyze the gap between the Brand identity portrayed by the product and the brand image which is actually created in the mind of the consumer of an Amazon Kindle. Generally, it is seen that a new product has problems filling this gap and it is one of the major threat whenever the product is launched in the market. There is a need for the company to portray itself in a manner that the gap is minimized. In order to see the success of the Kindle we tried to visit the various blogs and the website of the Kindle to look for the consumer perception and the post purchase analysis. This methodology was validated by the questionnaire floated on various internet sites and the blogs in order to get maximum responses from the people. The scope of study was narrowed down on to finally three types of units: Users of Amazon Kindle Non-Users of Amazon Kindle People who havent heard of Amazon Kindle It is very important to gauge all the three responses in order to get the birds eye view on the product and the concept delivery. While hundreds of responses were analyzed in the secondary research, we came up with 54 responses in the primary research which was covering the geographical areas of USA, India, France, Germany, Greece, Australia, South Africa, Spain, Argentina and many more nations which make the study geographically significant. The responses were analyzed by the statistical tools such as excel and SPSS in order to come up with the impact analysis of Amazon Kindle and finally the recommendations that we came up to make this process of marketing the Kindle much more efficient and focused. Observations and analysis Secondary research observations: The secondary research was performed on the following web blogs and websites: inventorspot.com ireaderreview.com www.wired.com www.bestebookreaders.com reviews.cnet.com crunchbase.com blogs.techrepublic.com www.computerworld.com wiki.mobileread.com www.hanselman.com www.macworld.com gadgets.boingboing.net arstechnica.com www.digitaltrends.com Amazons Website The blogs are the major technology blogs which constantly receive the comments of the users and the non users and are a fair indicator of the trends and perception of the new product in the market. This is majorly significant in the case of the Kindle as the marketing mix of the product significantly enhances the importance of the blogs and reviews online. The product is sold online only and thus all the users or the people who are interested in the product are more likely to be avid internet users. The first step for adaptation of any new product is the search of the information about the product and the information, in case of Amazon kindle is majorly available on these websites and the Amazons site. The user therefore pays a lot more attention to these blogs in this case. Thus these blogs are very powerful in forming the perception about a product which is sold online. The E-Paper screen is slightly smaller than that on its primary competitor, the Sony Reader, but is still quite legible and roomy E-Paper has a long way to go before it replaces ink on paper, but its comfortably on the right path Youll need to use the Kindle in the same sort of well-lit environment that youd read a normal book or magazine Some of the features such as the expandable memory and the wireless services truly make using a Kindle an unforgettable experience. However, we can never call the Kindle a radical innovation as the concept was already put in to the market by Sony via their Sony reader. But as compared to its counterparts, it is perceived as a pioneer in innovation and technology. With the latest launch of the I-PAD, there has been a lot of speculation while we compare the I-PAD to the Kindle. While both Apple and Amazon maintain that the products are not in competition but there has always been a comparison made which can be unfair to the Kindle as it is not a multipurpose device as compared to the Kindle. But Kindle has been very proactive in ensuring that they come out with the subtle innovations that would keep their nose ahead at all times. This can be seen when they launched the Kindle application for the IPAD very recently just after the launch of the IPAD. Primary Research Observations The primary research was conducted on 51 respondents who were spread all over the globe on all continents of the world. The respondents were divided into 3 categories and the perception mapping was performed. The results show high involvement of Americans over the rest of the world. This can be easily explained by the history of the Amazon Kindle which launches the new version in America first and then another version is launched in the rest of the world. There is always an international version of the Kindle which is meant for the rest of the world except America. The research had 61 percent female respondents and 39 percent male respondents. There were many avid readers among the Americans who answered the questionnaire. The total avid readers were 55 percent and out of those, 80 percent were Americans. The value sought in the Amazon Kindle was very high among these groups of people which tell us that the Kindle is very popular among the people who love to read a lot. The people were mainly fond of the fact that the kindle is very compact and easy to operate. The peoples response was mainly hinting that the Kindle is surely a device that they would like to buy but the barriers that they have put either on the initial price and on the subsequent running costs is deterring them from having a Kindle with them. According to them, there is a special place of books in there and Amazon should not compete with them. The testimony of the fact is that the 90 percent of the people preferred paperback books instead of an electronic book if given a free choice. The reason given is that the book looks much more real and there is a sense of possession when we have a book in our hand rather than when we have an eBook in our laptops of our Kindle for that matter. The Kindle had the biggest advantage over the rest of its competitors due to its wireless capabilities which actually allow you to get your favorite books within a few seconds room anywhere in the world and anytime in the world. While Americans and Australians preferred the Kindle because it saved a lot of shelf space which in other cases would have been taken by the books, the Europeans preferred Kindle because it was su pposed to save a lot of paper and it looked elegant in the hand of the possessor. Some of the other findings include the fact that while 39 percent of the respondents were actually Kindle users, there were 21 percent of the respondents who were not aware of the Kindle at all. The reason that we could thought of was that it has something to do with the less popularity of Amazon in the countries of these people as most of these people were from India(50 percent) and Thailand and other parts of Asia. This throws light on the fact that for a product which mainly sells from the internet, it is very important for the parent company to have an established base of consumers who can then communicate with them and participate in the offerings given to them in the form of products such as the Kindle. There is no distribution channel where we can push the product. The other respondents who had heard of the Kindle but never thought of buying it thought that the price of the Kindle is the major factor that deters them from even thinking of having one. For the ones who want to b uy it and do not have it as of now, the major reason is that the people associate a lot of hidden costs with the product. This was a major finding as the company never projects the actual cost to consumer throughout the life of the consumers. While the possessors liked the fact that the Kindle has good connectivity which we too found out as the point of difference of the Kindle from its competitors, the non users liked the read without glare feature the most attractive one. This lead us to one more observation that the most attractive feature is not the unique feature of the kindle so the Kindle may or may not be the first choice of the people when they go on to buy an eBook reader. This is kind of disheartening for the company as the product is highly placed on the price and the technology table and the users may not find value for money once they look to buy a Kindle. There were some serious observations made in the value that the consumers attach regarding the price of the Kindle and that comes out to be around 140 Euros that is way less than the actual price of the kindle i.e. 250 Euros. This leads us to the observations is that the barrier is too high for a large amount of potential users which can be exploited if they agree to lower the initial cost. The people were very apprehensive of the actual cost to customer and Amazon can do well to enlighten the customers about the same. Success of the product to date The Amazon kindle is unarguably the best selling product for Amazon and the adverts on the website of Amazon are a testimony of this. It is the most wished for, most desired and most searched for product on Amazon site which tells us that the product is doing very well on the international scene as well. Some of the factual data released by Amazon can also be seen below. It tells us that the product is doing wonderfully well on the international scene. The product is a very successful one and the continual improvements that it has come up with are a major factor contributing towards such a success. The revenue percentage of Amazon is as high as 2.6 percent that tells us that it is the star performer for Amazon. The fact that is not taken into consideration is that there are huge running costs that are related to each Kindle that are unfortunately not mentioned in the data. But it is clear that the Kindle is doing cery well in the market since its launch in 2008. Recommendations Amazon should focus on advertising to attract new customers to the e-book market. A large potential for growth in its base of consumers is with commuters and business travellers, who will benefit from the convenience of the Kindles portability and also possess the disposable income to afford the device in its current price range. As Ron Hawkins, vice president for portable reader systems at rival Sony, points out, Digital readers are not a replacement for a print book; they are a replacement for a stack of print books. That is where we see people, on the go, in the subway and in airports, with our device. The Kindle delivers newspapers directly to users for, on average, $10/month. This enables commuters to easily read the newspaper on a smaller medium without the unwieldiness of the print version. Similarly, businessmen will find the Kindle appealing to avoid carrying multiple books while travelling. By targeting these consumers through increased advertising in subways, airports, and on airplanes, Amazon can expand the market and reach out to new adopters of e-books. In coordination with this advertising effort, Amazon should attempt to negotiate deals with major newspapers. At a time when newspapers are struggling with declining numbers in readers and revenue, Amazon can seek to capitalize on their situation. For example, the LA Times started a task known as the Manhattan Project seeking to investigate solutions to reinvent the paper for the future. Amazon has the opportunity to approach them with the Kindle as a new venue to revive their business through a younger tech-savvy audience. The primary goal of this advertising campaign is to increase the overall e-book market, rather than to steal customers from rivals, so competitors should not feel threatened by it. In fact, other firms may benefit from the increased awareness of e-book readers. Similarly, parallel campaigns by rivals do not pose a significant threat to Amazon, since the major challenge at hand is to grow the market and provide for future profitability. However, Amazon needs to ensure that rivals do not enter into exclusive contracts with newspapers or other content providers in general. These deals only serve to benefit individual firms in the short run and ultimately hinder expansion of a relatively small, nascent market. Long Term Positioning In the long run the market for e-books themselves is unlikely to support significant profits. The main issue stems from the large amount of publisher bargaining power that currently exists in the print book market. Publishers have a significant influence in the supply chain for books, retaining the largest portion of the producer surplus in print media. The retailer only receives a small fraction of the overall profits on the book, so it is presumable that Amazon will face similar difficulty in extracting profits from e-books. In addition, Amazons business model is reproducible and thus their current distribution advantage is not necessarily permanent. Amazons reputation would be their only substantial barrier to new entrants in the e-book sales market. Lastly, competition with free pirated e-books would present problems. Even if Amazon proves more successful than competitors in e-book retailing, as the market grows, piracy will inevitably emerge to erode profits. This has occurred o ver the last decade in the music industry as digital music and the Internet have matured. These pitfalls make it unwise for Amazon to pursue a partnership with a hardware-oriented company like Sony, in which Amazon would limit itself to selling e-book reader content. Instead, Amazon should continue to produce the Kindle itself. Due to the nature of the market, the selection of complements will not distinguish the Kindle from other readers. If Amazon can maintain comparable hardware quality to other manufacturers, switching costs and brand identity should allow Amazon to keep a stable customer base and to support some level of sustainable profits. Pricing It also might be tempting for Amazon to leverage their current advantage in e-book distribution into greater profits on the e-books. This trades larger short term profits for a weaker future position in the market, which will be much larger that it is now. Thus, Amazons pricing strategy should be consistent with the long term focus on hardware and a desire to prioritize market share over short term profits throughout the growth phase. Amazons recent price reduction from $399 to $359 reflects a shift from targeting quality sensitive early adopters to more price sensitive consumers. It should continue to drop prices in steady increments to attract wider consumer bases. Consumers are less sensitive to e-book prices than they are to hardware prices, and the decision to purchase a Kindle is more likely to be triggered by the cost of the Kindle itself. Hence, Amazon should not be overly concerned with further reducing e-book prices. These prices are currently lower than most hardbacks and trade paperbacks but higher than most mass market paperbacks. Attempting to compete with mass market paperbacks is infeasible because of publishers resistance to pricing e-books much cheaper than print versions. It already loses money on most of its e-books, priced well below what it pays publishers, and further price cuts would likely require Amazon to take losses unjustified by the small benefits in market share. However, if the Kindle is able to propel the e-book markets into a fast growing phase, publishing executives anticipate that it will not be long before Amazon begins using the Kindles popularity as a lever to demand that publishers cut prices. At this point , Amazons increased bargaining power will enable it to price more competitively without the losses from subsidies. Questionnaire Age Sex Male Female Nationality How much reading do you do in general? I am an avid reader, I cant live if I dont read I like to read, you would find me reading very often I like to read sometimes I read rarely I hate reading, i have better things to do in life What according to you is the most attractive feature of Amazon Kindle? Its sleek design and light weight The concept of an electronic reader The easy connectivity(Global 3G wireless) Long Battery Life Reads like real paper without glare, even in bright sunlight Holds up to 1,500 books Saves paper Lower prices than paper books Over 450,000 books and the largest selection of the most popular books people Other: What is it that would deter you from buying the Kindle? Price The concept of buying an E-book and limited number of reads Lack of Knowledge(less advertizing) Other: What according to you is the biggest competitor of the Kindle? Apples I-Pad The paper books Barnes Nobles Nook The Nook book reader Sony pocket touch edition

The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Essays -- traumatic, neurogenic

There is a variety of different types of shock and each type can be caused by many different things. â€Å"Shock is classified as cardiogenic (caused by heart failure); neurogenic or vasogenic (caused by alterations in vascular smooth muscle tone); anaphylactic (caused by hypersensitivity); septic (caused by infection); or hypovolemic (caused by insufficient intravascular fluid volume)† (Huether, McCance, 2010, pp.1696-1697). There is also traumatic shock which is similar to hypovolemic shock and septic shock. Each case of shock is important and needs to be monitored carefully. One type of shock to consider is neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is often referred to as vasogenic shock. This type of shock generally occurs from an imbalance of stimulation of vascular smooth muscle. â€Å"Neurogenic shock can be caused by any factor that stimulates parasympathetic activity or inhibits sympathetic activity of vascular smooth muscle† (Huether, McCance, 2010, pp. 1702). One of the factors that can cause neurogenic shock is trauma to the spinal cord. For example, a man named John Jackson suffered a spinal cord injury after being involved in a motorcycle accident; he will likely suffer from neurogenic shock as well. While he is in neurogenic shock however, he has not lost any fluid from vasculature. This is possible because when the spinal cord is injured there can also be injury to the nerve that controls the blood vessels width (Shock, 2013). This leads to a drop in blood pressure because the blood vessels relax and expand, thus leading to a lack of loss of fluid from vasculature. Even though the individu al is in neurogenic shock, the type of injury that is causing the shock can alter what the patient is experiencing. A patient that has a diff... ...6, January). From Inflammation to MODS: Stopping Sepsis in its Tracks. In Lippincott's Nursing Center. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/static?pageid=733523 Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2010). Pathophysiology- The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (sixth ed., pp. 1696-1727). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Marshall, J. C. (2001). The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. In NCBI. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6868/ Sheridan, R. L. (2013, June 10). Initial Evaluation and Management of the Burn Patient. In Medscape. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/435402-overview#showall Shock. (2013, February). In Better Health Channel. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Shock